Browse the Constitution Annotated
Article III
Section 1
The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.
- ArtIII.S1.1 The Judicial Power
- ArtIII.S1.1.1 Judicial Vesting Clause
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.1 Judicial Vesting Clause: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2 Judicial Vesting Clause: Select Topics for Consideration
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.1 Inherent Powers of Federal Courts
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.1.1 Inherent Powers of Federal Courts: Procedural Rules
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.1.2 Inherent Powers of Federal Courts: Contempt and Sanctions
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.1.3 Inherent Powers of Federal Courts: Issuing Judgments
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.2 Congressional Interference with the Judicial Power
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.2.1 Reopening Final Judicial Decisions
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.2.2 Imposing Non-Adjudicatory Function on Courts
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3 Federal—State Court Relations
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3.1 Federal—State Court Relations: Overview
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3.2 State Court Enforcement of Federal Law
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3.3 State Court Interference With Federal Jurisdiction
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3.4 Federal Court Non-Interference With State Jurisdiction
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3.4.1 Federal Court Non-Interference With State Jurisdiction: Overview
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3.4.2 Federal Court Non-Interference With State Jurisdiction: Exhaustion Doctrine
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.3.5 Federal—State Court Relations: Habeas Review
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.4 Effect of Supreme Court Rulings
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.4.1 Doctrine of Stare Decisis
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.4.2 Retroactivity of Supreme Court Decisions
- ArtIII.S1.1.1.2.1 Inherent Powers of Federal Courts
- ArtIII.S1.1.2 Congressional Power to Establish Article III Courts
- ArtIII.S1.1.2.1 Congressional Power to Establish Article III Courts: Historical Background
- ArtIII.S1.1.2.2 Congressional Power to Establish Article III Courts: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S1.1.3 Congressional Power to Establish Non-Article III Courts
- ArtIII.S1.1.3.1 Congressional Power to Establish Non-Article III Courts: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S1.1.3.1.1 Congressional Power to Establish Non-Article III Courts: Current Doctrine
- ArtIII.S1.1.3.1 Congressional Power to Establish Non-Article III Courts: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S1.1.1 Judicial Vesting Clause
- ArtIII.S1.2 Protections for the Federal Judiciary
- ArtIII.S1.2.1 Good Behavior Clause
- ArtIII.S1.2.1.1 Good Behavior Clause: Overview
- ArtIII.S1.2.1.2 Good Behavior Clause: Historical Background
- ArtIII.S1.2.1.3 Good Behavior Clause: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S1.2.2 Judicial Compensation Clause
- ArtIII.S1.2.2.1 Judicial Compensation Clause: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S1.2.1 Good Behavior Clause
- ArtIII.S1.1 The Judicial Power
Section 2
- Clause 1
The Judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;—between a State and Citizens of another State;—between Citizens of different States,—between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
- ArtIII.S2.C1.1 Article III, Section 2, Clause 1: Historical Background
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.1 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.2 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Historical Background
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.3 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Advisory Opinions
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.4 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Adversity Requirement
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Standing Requirement
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.1 Standing Requirement: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.2 Standing Requirement: Current Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3 Standing Requirement: Select Topics for Consideration
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.1 Standing Requirement: Taxpayer Standing
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2 Standing Requirement: Representational Standing
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2.1 Representational Standing: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2.2 Representational Standing: Associational Standing
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2.3 Representational Standing: States and Parens Patraie
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.3 Standing Requirement: Standing of Federal and State Legislators
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.4 Standing Requirement: Prudential Standing
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.6 Ripeness Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.6.1 Ripeness Doctrine: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7 Mootness Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.1 Mootness Doctrine: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.2 Early Mootness Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3 Modern Mootness Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.1 Modern Mootness Doctrine: Introduction
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.2 Modern Mootness Doctrine: General Criteria of Mootness
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3 Exceptions to Mootness
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.1 Exceptions to Mootness: Introduction
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.2 Exceptions to Mootness: Voluntary Cessation Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.3 Exceptions to Mootness: Capable of Repetition, Yet Evading Review
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.4 Exceptions to Mootness in the Criminal Context
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.5 Special Mootness Rules in the Class Action Litigation Context
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8 Political Question Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8.1 Political Question Doctrine: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8.2 Early Political Question Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8.3 Political Question Doctrine: Current Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.2.9 Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts: Arising Under Jurisdiction
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1.1 Arising Under Jurisdiction: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1.2 Select Topics for Consideration
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1.2.1 Protective Theory of Jurisdiction
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.2 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts: Admiralty and Maritime
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.3 Cases to Which the United States is a Party
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.4 Controversies Between Two or More States
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts: Diversity Jurisdiction
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5.1 Diversity Jurisdiction: Overview
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5.2 Diversity Jurisdiction: Select Topics for Consideration
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5.2.1 Law Applied in Diversity Cases
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.6 Controversies Over Land Grants in Different States
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.7 Controversies Between a State or Its Citizens and Foreign States/Citizens
- ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts: Arising Under Jurisdiction
- Clause 2
In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies at the Supreme Court
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1 Original and Appellate Jurisdiction Generally
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1.1 Original and Appellate Jurisdiction Generally: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1.1.1 Original Jurisdiction
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1.1.2 Appellate Jurisdiction
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1.1 Original and Appellate Jurisdiction Generally: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.2 Original Cases Affecting Ambassadors, Public Ministers, & Consuls
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.3 Supreme Court Review of State Court Decisions
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.4 Classes of Cases and Controversies at the Supreme Court: Exceptions Clause
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.4.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies at the Supreme Court: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1 Original and Appellate Jurisdiction Generally
- ArtIII.S2.C2.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies at the Supreme Court
- Clause 3
The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
- ArtIII.S2.C3.1 In General
Section 3
- Clause 1
Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.
- ArtIII.S3.C1.1 Treason Clause
- ArtIII.S3.C1.1.1 Treason Clause: Historical Background
- ArtIII.S3.C1.1.2 Treason Clause: Doctrine and Practice
- ArtIII.S3.C1.1 Treason Clause
- Clause 2
The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.
- ArtIII.S3.C2.1 Punishment of Treason Clause