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Article III

Section 2
- Clause 1
- The Judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;—between a State and Citizens of another State;—between Citizens of different States,—between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
  - ArtIII.S2.C1.1 Article III, Section 2, Clause 1: Historical Background
  - ArtIII.S2.C1.2 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.1 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Overview
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.2 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Historical Background
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.3 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Advisory Opinions
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.4 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Adversity Requirement
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5 Rules of Justiciability and the Case or Controversy Requirement: Standing Requirement
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.1 Standing Requirement: Overview
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.2 Standing Requirement: Current Doctrine
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3 Standing Requirement: Select Topics for Consideration
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.1  Standing Requirement: Taxpayer Standing
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2 Standing Requirement: Representational Standing
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2.1  Representational Standing: Overview
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2.2  Representational Standing: Associational Standing
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.2.3  Representational Standing: States and Parens Patraie
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.3  Standing Requirement: Standing of Federal and State Legislators
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.5.3.4  Standing Requirement: Prudential Standing
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.6 Ripeness Doctrine
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.6.1 Ripeness Doctrine: Overview
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7 Mootness Doctrine
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.1 Mootness Doctrine: Overview
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.2 Early Mootness Doctrine
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3 Modern Mootness Doctrine
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.1  Modern Mootness Doctrine: Introduction
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.2  Modern Mootness Doctrine: General Criteria of Mootness
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3 Exceptions to Mootness
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.1  Exceptions to Mootness: Introduction
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.2  Exceptions to Mootness: Voluntary Cessation Doctrine
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.3  Exceptions to Mootness: Capable of Repetition, Yet Evading Review
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.4  Exceptions to Mootness in the Criminal Context
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.2.7.3.3.5  Special Mootness Rules in the Class Action Litigation Context
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8 Political Question Doctrine
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8.1 Political Question Doctrine: Overview
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8.2 Early Political Question Doctrine
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.8.3 Political Question Doctrine: Current Doctrine
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.2.9 Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine
  - ArtIII.S2.C1.3 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts: Arising Under Jurisdiction
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1.1 Arising Under Jurisdiction: Overview
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1.2 Select Topics for Consideration
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.3.1.2.1 Protective Theory of Jurisdiction
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.2 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts: Admiralty and Maritime
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.3 Cases to Which the United States is a Party
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.4 Controversies Between Two or More States
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5 Classes of Cases and Controversies for Federal Courts: Diversity Jurisdiction
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5.1 Diversity Jurisdiction: Overview
      - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5.2 Diversity Jurisdiction: Select Topics for Consideration
        
        ArtIII.S2.C1.3.5.2.1 Law Applied in Diversity Cases
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.6 Controversies Over Land Grants in Different States
    - ArtIII.S2.C1.3.7 Controversies Between a State or Its Citizens and Foreign States/Citizens
- Clause 2
- In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
  - ArtIII.S2.C2.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies at the Supreme Court
    - ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1 Original and Appellate Jurisdiction Generally
      - ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1.1 Original and Appellate Jurisdiction Generally: Doctrine and Practice
        
        ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1.1.1 Original Jurisdiction
        
        ArtIII.S2.C2.1.1.1.2 Appellate Jurisdiction
    - ArtIII.S2.C2.1.2 Original Cases Affecting Ambassadors, Public Ministers, & Consuls
    - ArtIII.S2.C2.1.3 Supreme Court Review of State Court Decisions
    - ArtIII.S2.C2.1.4 Classes of Cases and Controversies at the Supreme Court: Exceptions Clause
      - ArtIII.S2.C2.1.4.1 Classes of Cases and Controversies at the Supreme Court: Doctrine and Practice
- Clause 3
- The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
  - ArtIII.S2.C3.1 In General