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1. Introduction
Intro.2 Introduction to the 2012 Centennial Edition

Introduction to the 2012 Centennial Edition The need for a comprehensive treatise on the Constitution was apparent to Congress from early in the 20th century. In 1911, the Senate Manual (a compilation . . .
2. Introduction
Intro.3 Historical Note on Formation of the Constitution

Historical Note on Formation of the Constitution In June 1774, the Virginia and Massachusetts assemblies independently proposed an intercolonial meeting of delegates from the several colonies to . . .
3. Article I Section 1
ArtI.S1.1.3.1 Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs Article I, Section 1: All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. That the . . .
4. Article I Section 1
ArtI.S1.1.3.2 Military

Military Article I, Section 1: All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Superintendence . . .
5. Article I Section 1
ArtI.S1.1.4.1 Delegations to the States

Delegations to the States Article I, Section 1: All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. . . .
6. Article I Section 2 Clause 1
ArtI.S2.C1.1 Organization of the House of Representatives

Organization of the House of Representatives Article I, Section 2, Clause 1: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and . . .
7. Article I Section 6 Clause 2
ArtI.S6.C2.2 Incompatibility Clause

Incompatibility Clause Article I, Section 6, Clause 2: No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United . . .
8. Article I Section 8 Clause 4
ArtI.S8.C4.1.2.1 Expatriation

Expatriation Article I, Section 8, Clause 4: The Congress shall have Power . . . To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United . . .
9. Article I Section 10 Clause 3
ArtI.S10.C3.2 States and Military Affairs

States and Military Affairs Article I, Section 10, Clause 3: No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any . . .
10. Article II Section 2 Clause 1
ArtII.S2.C1.1.1 Commander in Chief Power: Historical Background

Commander in Chief Power: Historical Background Article II, Section 2, Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several . . .
11. Article II Section 2 Clause 1
ArtII.S2.C1.1.2 Commander in Chief Power: Doctrine and Practice

Commander in Chief Power: Doctrine and Practice Article II, Section 2, Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several . . .
12. Article II Section 2 Clause 1
ArtII.S2.C1.1.3.1 Imposing Martial Law

Imposing Martial Law Article II, Section 2, Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into . . .
13. Article II Section 2 Clause 1
ArtII.S2.C1.1.3.2 Provision for Detention and Trial of Prisoners of War and "Enemy Combatants"

Provision for Detention and Trial of Prisoners of War and "Enemy Combatants" Article II, Section 2, Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and . . .
14. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.1 Appointing Ambassadors, Ministers, and Consuls

Appointing Ambassadors, Ministers, and Consuls Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the . . .
15. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.2 Establishment of Offices and Officers Not Provided for in Constitution

Establishment of Offices and Officers Not Provided for in Constitution Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, . . .
16. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.3.1 Legal Requirement When Appointing and Officer

Legal Requirement When Appointing and Officer Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the . . .
17. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.3.2 Distinguishing Between Officers and Non-Officers

Distinguishing Between Officers and Non-Officers Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the . . .
18. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.3.3 Alterations to the Duties of an Officer

Alterations to the Duties of an Officer Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators . . .
19. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.4 Appointing "Inferior Officers"

Appointing "Inferior Officers" Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present . . .
20. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.5.1 Removing Officers: Doctrine During 1930s

Removing Officers: Doctrine During 1930s Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators . . .
21. Article II Section 2 Clause 2
ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.5.2 Removing Officers: Current Doctrine

Removing Officers: Current Doctrine Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators . . .
22. Article II Section 3
ArtII.S3.1.3.1 Take Care Clause: Overview

Take Care Clause: Overview Article II, Section 3: He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall . . .
23. Article II Section 3
ArtII.S3.1.3.2.1 Take Care Clause: Impoundment of Funds

Take Care Clause: Impoundment of Funds Article II, Section 3: He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures . . .
24. Article II Section 4
ArtII.S4.1.1 Impeachment and Removal from Office: Overview

Impeachment and Removal from Office: Overview Article II, Section 4: The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and . . .
25. Article II Section 4
ArtII.S4.1.2.1 Offices Eligible for Impeachment

Offices Eligible for Impeachment Article II, Section 4: The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, . . .
26. First Amendment
Amdt1.2.1 Freedom of Speech: Historical Background

Freedom of Speech: Historical Background First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of . . .
27. First Amendment
Amdt1.4.1 Freedom of Assembly and Petition: Overview

Freedom of Assembly and Petition: Overview First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of . . .
28. Second Amendment
Amdt2.1 Doctrine and Practice

Doctrine and Practice Second Amendment: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. For over 200 . . .
29. Third Amendment
Amdt3.1 Third Amendment: In General

Third Amendment: In General Third Amendment: No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by . . .
30. Fifth Amendment
Amdt5.1.1.1 Grand Jury Clause: Historical Background

Grand Jury Clause: Historical Background Fifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in . . .
31. Fifth Amendment
Amdt5.1.1.2 Grand Jury Clause: Doctrine and Practice

Grand Jury Clause: Doctrine and Practice Fifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in . . .
32. Fifth Amendment
Amdt5.1.2 Military Exception to the Grand Jury Clause

Military Exception to the Grand Jury Clause Fifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except . . .
33. Fifth Amendment
Amdt5.4.1 Right to Due Process: Overview

Right to Due Process: Overview Fifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases . . .
34. Fifth Amendment
Amdt5.4.2 Right to Due Process: Historical Background

Right to Due Process: Historical Background Fifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except . . .
35. Fifth Amendment
Amdt5.4.4.3.1 What Process is "Due" when a Deprivation Occurs: Pre-Modern Doctrine

What Process is "Due" when a Deprivation Occurs: Pre-Modern Doctrine Fifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or . . .
36. Thirteenth Amendment Section 2
Amdt13.S2.1.1.1 Enforcement Clause: Overview

Enforcement Clause: Overview Thirteenth Amendment, Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. This Amendment . . . is undoubtedly self-executing without . . .
37. Thirteenth Amendment Section 2
Amdt13.S2.1.1.2.1 Enforcement Clause: Early Doctrine

Enforcement Clause: Early Doctrine Thirteenth Amendment, Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Certain early cases suggested broad congressional . . .
38. Thirteenth Amendment Section 2
Amdt13.S2.1.1.2.2 Enforcement Clause: Current Doctrine

Enforcement Clause: Current Doctrine Thirteenth Amendment, Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Hodges was overruled by the Court in a far-reaching . . .
39. Fourteenth Amendment Section 1
Amdt14.S1.4.2.3.1.1.1 Gender Classifications: Doctrine from 1870s to 1960s

Gender Classifications: Doctrine from 1870s to 1960s Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the . . .
40. Fourteenth Amendment Section 1
Amdt14.S1.4.2.3.1.1.2 Gender Classifications: Doctrine during 1970s

Gender Classifications: Doctrine during 1970s Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United . . .
41. Fourteenth Amendment Section 1
Amdt14.S1.4.2.3.1.2.1 Gender Classifications: General Approach

Gender Classifications: General Approach Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United . . .
42. Fourteenth Amendment Section 1
Amdt14.S1.4.2.3.1.2.2 Facially Non-Neutral Laws that Benefit Women

Facially Non-Neutral Laws that Benefit Women Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United . . .
43. Fourteenth Amendment Section 1
Amdt14.S1.4.3.3.3.1.1 Dillution of the Right to Vote: General Approach

Dillution of the Right to Vote: General Approach Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the . . .
44. Fourteenth Amendment Section 1
Amdt14.S1.4.3.3.3.1.2 Partisan Gerrymandering

Partisan Gerrymandering Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the . . .
45. Fourteenth Amendment Section 1
Amdt14.S1.4.3.3.3.1.3 Inequalities Within a State

Inequalities Within a State Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the . . .
46. Fourteenth Amendment Section 3
Amdt14.S3.1.1 Disqualification Clause

Disqualification Clause Fourteenth Amendment, Section 3: No Person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, . . .
47. Fourteenth Amendment Section 4
Amdt14.S4.1.1 Public Debt Clause

Public Debt Clause Fourteenth Amendment, Section 4: The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services . . .

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