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1. IntroductionIntro.3 AuthorizationPublic Law No. 91-589, 84 Stat. 1585, 2 U.S.C. § 168 JOINT RESOLUTION Authorizing the preparation and printing of a revised edition of the Constitution of the United States of America—Analysis and In. . .
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2. IntroductionIntro.4 Bill of Rights (First Through Tenth Amendments) AnnotatedOn September 12, five days before the Convention adjourned, Mason and Gerry raised the question of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution. Mason said: It would give great quiet to the people; an. . .
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ArtI.S2.C1.1 Organization of the House of Representatives
Article I, Section 2, Clause 1: The House of shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications r. . .
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ArtI.S3.C1.1 In General
Article I, Section 3, Clause 1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vo. . .
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ArtI.S3.C2.1 The Senate: Overview
Article I, Section 3, Clause 2: Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senator. . .
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ArtI.S3.C3.1 In General
Article I, Section 3, Clause 3: No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when electe. . .
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ArtI.S3.C4.1 In General
Article I, Section 3, Clause 4: The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. See supra Article I, Section 3, Claus. . .
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ArtI.S3.C5.1 In General
Article I, Section 3, Clause 5: The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President . . .
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ArtI.S4.C1.1.1.1.1 Role of the States in Regulating Federal Elections
Article I, Section 4, Clause 1: The Times, Places and Manner of holding for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any ti. . .
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ArtI.S4.C1.1.1.1.2 Role of Congress in Regulating Federal Elections
Article I, Section 4, Clause 1: The Times, Places and Manner of holding for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any ti. . .
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ArtI.S4.C2.1 Meetings of Congress
Article I, Section 4, Clause 2: The shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. This Clau. . .
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ArtI.S5.C1.1 Determinations of Elections, Returns, and Qualifications
Article I, Section 5, Clause 1: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number . . .
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ArtI.S5.C1.2 Quorums
Article I, Section 5, Clause 1: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a s. . .
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ArtI.S5.C2.1 Rule of Proceedings
Article I, Section 5, Clause 2: Each House may determine the Rules of its , punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. In the exercise of th. . .
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ArtI.S5.C2.2 Punishments and Expulsions
Article I, Section 5, Clause 2: Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. Congress h. . .
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ArtI.S5.C3.1 Keeping a Journal of Proceedings
Article I, Section 5, Clause 3: Each House shall keep a Journal of its , and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays o. . .
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ArtI.S5.C4.1 In General
Article I, Section 5, Clause 4: Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the. . .
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ArtI.S6.C1.1.1.1 Compensation for Members: Overview
Article I, Section 6, Clause 1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They sha. . .
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ArtI.S6.C1.1.2 Privilege From Arrest
Article I, Section 6, Clause 1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They sha. . .
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ArtI.S6.C1.1.3 Speech and Debate Privilege
Article I, Section 6, Clause 1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They sha. . .
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ArtI.S6.C2.1 Ineligibility / Sinecure Clause
Article I, Section 6, 2: No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have bee. . .
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ArtI.S7.C1.1.1 Origination Clause
Article I, Section 7, 1: All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Insertion of this clau. . .
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ArtI.S7.C2.1 Enactment of Legislation
Article I, Section 7, Clause 2: Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If h. . .
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ArtI.S7.C3.1 Passage of Orders, Resolutions, or Votes
Article I, Section 7, Clause 3: Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be pr. . .
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ArtI.S8.C11.1 Power to Declare War
Article I, Section 8, Clause 11: The Congress shall have Power . . . To declare , grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; . . . Three different vie. . .
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ArtI.S8.C17.1.1 Power over the Seat of Government: Historical Background
Article I, Section 8, Clause 17: The Congress shall have Power . . . To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession . . .
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ArtII.S1.C1.1.1.2.1.1 Executive Vesting Clause: Early Doctrine
Article II, Section 1, Clause 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years,. . .
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ArtII.S1.C1.1.1.2.1.2 Executive Vesting Clause: Doctrine from 1920s to 1950s
Article II, Section 1, Clause 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vic. . .
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ArtII.S1.C1.1.1.2.1.3 Executive Vesting Clause: Current Doctrine
Article II, Section 1, Clause 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vic. . .
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ArtII.S2.C1.2 Presidential Advisors
Article II, Section 2, Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of . . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.1 The Treaty Making Power
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have , by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by . . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.1 Appointing Ambassadors, Ministers, and Consuls
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.2 Establishment of Offices and Officers Not Provided for in Constitution
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.3.1 Legal Requirement When Appointing and Officer
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.3.2 Distinguishing Between Officers and Non-Officers
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.3.3 Alterations to the Duties of an Officer
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.4 Appointing Inferior Officers
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.5.1 Removing Officers: Doctrine During 1930s
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C2.2.1.5.2 Removing Officers: Current Doctrine
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, an. . .
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ArtII.S2.C3.1.1 Recess Appointments Power: Overview
Article II, Section 2, Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of thei. . .
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ArtII.S2.C3.1.2.1 Definition of a Vacancy
Article II, Section 2, Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of thei. . .
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ArtII.S2.C3.1.3.1 Recess Appointments of Article III Judges
Article II, Section 2, Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of thei. . .
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ArtII.S2.C3.2.4.1.1 Presidential Immunity to Criminal and Civil Suits: Civil Cases
Article II, Section 2, Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of thei. . .
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ArtII.S2.C3.2.4.2.1 Other Executive Officials and the Qualified Immunity Doctrine
Article II, Section 2, Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of thei. . .
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45. Article II Section 3ArtII.S3.1.1 Legislative Role of the PresidentArticle II, Section 3: He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedi. . .
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46. Article II Section 4ArtII.S4.1.1 Impeachment and Removal from Office: OverviewArticle II, Section 4: The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high C. . .
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47. Article II Section 4ArtII.S4.1.2.1 Offices Eligible for ImpeachmentArticle II, Section 4: The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and M. . .
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48. Article VArtV.1 Article V: Historical BackgroundArticle V: The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the sev. . .
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49. First AmendmentAmdt1.1.1 The Religion Clauses: Historical BackgroundFirst Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the. . .
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50. First AmendmentAmdt1.2.1 Freedom of Speech: Historical BackgroundFirst Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the. . .
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51. Fifth AmendmentAmdt5.2.1.1 Double Jeopardy Clause: Historical BackgroundFifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forc. . .
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52. Fifth AmendmentAmdt5.2.1.2.1 Scope of the Double Jeopardy ClauseFifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forc. . .
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53. Fifth AmendmentAmdt5.2.1.2.2 Dual Sovereignty DoctrineFifth Amendment: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forc. . .
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54. Sixth AmendmentAmdt6.1 Sixth Amendment: OverviewSixth Amendment: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committ. . .
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Amdt12.1 Twelfth Amendment: Overview
Twelfth Amendment: The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with the. . .
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Amdt14.S1.4.1.3.1.3.1.1 Appropriate Level of Scrutiny: Early Doctrine
Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.. . .
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Amdt14.S1.4.1.3.1.3.1.2 Appropriate Level of Scrutiny: Current Doctrine
Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.. . .
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Amdt14.S1.4.3.3.3.1.1 Dillution of the Right to Vote: General Approach
Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.. . .
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Amdt14.S1.4.3.3.3.1.2 Partisan Gerrymandering
Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.. . .
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Amdt14.S1.4.3.3.3.1.3 Inequalities Within a State
Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United s, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United s and of the wherein they reside. No shall make. . .
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Amdt14.S2.1.1 Apportionment Clause
Fourteenth Amendment, Section 2: Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Ind. . .
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Amdt17.1 Seventeenth Amendment: Historical Background
Seventeenth Amendment: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The elect. . .
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Amdt17.2 Seventeenth Amendment: Doctrine and Practice
Seventeenth Amendment: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The elect. . .
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Amdt20.1 Twentieth Amendment: Historical Background
Twentieth Amendment: The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the. . .
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Amdt20.2 Twentieth Amendment: Doctrine and Practice
Twentieth Amendment: The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the. . .
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Amdt25.1 Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Historical Background
Twenty-Fifth Amendment: In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the. . .
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Amdt25.2 Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Doctrine and Practice
Twenty-Fifth Amendment: In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the. . .
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Amdt27.1 Twenty-Seventh Amendment: Historical Background
Twenty-Seventh Amendment: No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. Referre. . .
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69. AppendixAppx.3 Proposed Amendments Not Ratified by the StatesDuring the course of our history, in addition to the twenty-seven amendments which have been ratified by the required three-fourths of the , six other amendments have been submitted to the but have . . .
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